The Role of Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Role of Play - Essay Example The unwinding theory brings up that play is a methods for recovering from sluggishness and hard work, while the training speculation articulates play as a crucial action (Isbell and Raines, 2013). Inside present day notions of psychoanalytic development, scholars focused on enthusiastic advancement qualities whereby delight is practiced through satisfaction of wishes inside play. These people accepted that children thought of agreeable affiliations and increase responded trust. The constructivist speculation sees play as a methods by which children figure out how to appreciate encounters. The sociocultural hypothesis investigates the sociocultural and sequential powers, which impacts the kid’s intellectual turn of events. Intellectual adjustment scholars accept that play is a way to advance subjective adjustment (Isbell and Raines, 2013). Theory of brain explains that imagine play uses mental exhibit, and pretend as a methods for appreciating others. Experience and prospects all through play are key to neural pathways and learning advancement since play offers the structure for encounters. Play is significant in light of the fact that it is the central vehicle for the improvement of originations and comprehending of dilemmas. Inside educational programs, play helps in learning, cultural, engine aptitude, enthusiastic, academic, and language improvement. The cutting edge origination of fun loving nature focuses on the inside attitude of being fun loving. Children experience tactile investigation, egocentric hypothesis, and individual experimentation to pick up fun loving nature and genius (Isbell and Raines, 2013). Cultural play takes in kids’ ability to interrelate with peers. Socio-sensational play assesses at any rate 2 children who interrelate verbally and work together inside their action, controlling their capacities in reply to different children. The play environ is very multifaceted and is comprised of physical, just as cultural

Free Essays on The Marketing Research Process

The promoting research process is the capacity that connects the purchaser, client, and open to the advertiser through data. Data is utilized to recognize and characterize promoting openings and issues; create, refine, and assess advertising activities, screen showcasing execution and improve comprehension of promoting as a procedure. The advertising research process indicates the data required to address these issues, plans the strategies for gathering data, oversees and actualizes the information assortment process, breaks down, and imparts the discoveries and their suggestions. The four stages in this procedure are : 1). Characterizing the issue and the examination destinations Before beginning the real exploration process, advertisers must decide the wellspring of the issue, so as to have the option to direct the applicable research and abstain from sitting around idly and cash. A legitimate meaning of the issue is the essential advance to the entire procedure. Characterizing research goals includes completing starter examination and this incorporates, exploratory examination, graphic examination and causal examination. Exploratory examination is showcasing exploration to accumulate primer data tat will help characterize the issue and propose theory. Distinct exploration is advertising research tat depicts in a superior manner showcasing issues, circumstances or markets. Causal examination is advertising exploration to test speculation about circumstances and logical results connections. 2). Building up the examination intend to gather the data. The second step of the showcasing research process requires, deciding the particular data required, building up an arrangement for get-together it proficiently and introducing it to the advertising the board. The arrangement outlines wellsprings of existing information, and figures out what exploration approach, contact techniques, examining plan, and examination instruments will be utilized to assemble important new information. The examination approach incorporates: observa... Free Essays on The Marketing Research Process Free Essays on The Marketing Research Process The promoting research process is the capacity that connects the shopper, client, and open to the advertiser through data. Data is utilized to distinguish and characterize advertising openings and issues; create, refine, and assess showcasing activities, screen promoting execution and improve comprehension of advertising as a procedure. The advertising research process determines the data required to address these issues, plans the techniques for gathering data, oversees and actualizes the information assortment process, investigates, and conveys the discoveries and their suggestions. The four stages in this procedure are : 1). Characterizing the issue and the exploration goals Before beginning the real exploration process, advertisers must decide the wellspring of the issue, so as to have the option to lead the important research and abstain from sitting around and cash. A legitimate meaning of the issue is the essential advance to the entire procedure. Characterizing research destinations includes completing starter examination and this incorporates, exploratory exploration, graphic exploration and causal exploration. Exploratory examination is advertising exploration to accumulate primer data tat will help characterize the issue and recommend speculation. Spellbinding examination is advertising research tat depicts in a superior manner showcasing issues, circumstances or markets. Causal examination is showcasing exploration to test theory about circumstances and logical results connections. 2). Building up the examination intend to gather the data. The second step of the promoting research process requires, deciding the particular data required, building up an arrangement for get-together it productively and introducing it to the advertising the board. The arrangement represents wellsprings of existing information, and figures out what examination approach, contact techniques, inspecting plan, and exploration instruments will be utilized to accumulate significant new information. The exploration approach incorporates: observa...

Essay on Nonsense Language in Carrolls Jabberwocky -- Carroll Jabberw

The Importance of Nonsense Language and Sounds in Carroll's Jabberwockyâ â Â Wn a bby fst ts 2 kmnikt the wrds snd nonsense. No one recognizes what the child is attempting to state. The sonnet, Jabberwocky, composed by Lewis Carroll, utilizes good for nothing discourse to either baffle or interest the peruser. When attempting to articulate the garbage words in the sonnet, the hints of the words come out as hogwash. The sounds are the significant component of the sonnet. Regularly, individuals like to hear artists read in dialects they can't comprehend. A lady leaving a perusing by the Polish writer Czeslaw Milosz said she was happy he'd read a portion of his work in Polish in light of the fact that the language sounded energizing, similar to horse hooves over cobblestones. Â Some of the time a sonnet can mean close to nothing or nothing, yet the boost of words alone successes our consideration. A few writers can even concoct words themselves. Carroll consolidates two words (portmanteau) into single word to form those bizarre sounds and words in the sonnet. In an interesting manner the unimportant words consolidate with unmistakable words to make a sonnet practically conceivable. The language and sounds permit a peruser to think about back the idea of how to impart Carroll's topic of survial of the fittest, what's more the fight between creatures, Carroll makes a fight for the peruser to comprehend the language and sounds. Â For a creature or peruser to get by in Caroll's sonnet it must slaughter before being executed, or comprehend the language before arriving at the end. The setting of such endurance is the backwoods, and Caroll's woodland is a dream land where words are unfamiliar to the peruser. He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back, (Carroll, 36) has reference to natural selection. The head turns into the trophy of ... ...tree, (Carroll, 36) portrays the genuine expertise of utilizing a tree for disguise. The tree is the Dumdum and conceals the tracker's ineptitude. Is the Jabberwocky innocuous? The woodland individuals could have developed a savvy story about the animal for beguilement. What the tracker murdered was part creative mind and part genuine; the manner in which Carroll's sonnet is. Â The sounds and hogwash language are significant components of the sonnet. Simultaneously, we can utilize the syntax of the sentence to assist us with envisioning the implications of the garbage words. The sonnet is lively and baffling simultaneously. We may state it plustrate. Works Cited Carroll, Lewis. Jabberwocky. The Discovery Of Poetry. second Edition. Ed. Frances Mayes. Orlando: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1987. Tracker, Paul J. Reference. The Norton Introduction to Poetry. sixth Edition. Chicago: Norton, 1996. Â Â

Essay --

1. By what means will you locate the correct parental figure for our family? During the underlying evaluation, we take itemized notes about your adored one’s pastimes, interests and needs. We at that point survey our parental figure pool to discover the individual with the coordinating character and abilities. A colleague likewise be available on the principal day of home consideration for the guardian acquaintance and with guarantee a smooth beginning. 2. Do you train your parental figures? Indeed, broadly. We start by employing guardians who have experience working in senior consideration, at that point we give instruction on Senior Helpers’ procedures, measures and guiding principle. New guardians complete a 6-hour direction preparing that incorporates subjects, for example, privileges of customers, contamination control, customer care tips and that's just the beginning. All parental figures approach many preparing subjects about social insurance and senior consideration. 3. Do I pay the parental figure legitimately? No, you ought to never pay a parental figure straightforwardly. One assigned relative will get a receipt each other week, and installment ought to be dispatched legitimately to our office. 4. What would i be able to expect in an average day with my guardian? It relies upon the kind of administration you have mentioned. It may incorporate shopping for food and getting things done toward the beginning of the day, planning and having lunch, getting ready supper for some other time, and taking a walk and messing around toward the evening. We additionally have numerous exercises accessible for our parental figures to look at from our Client Resource Library, including mind-invigorating projects for our customers with Alzheimer’s or dementia. 5. Will we have a similar parental figure without fail? We can’t ensure your parental figure will consistently be accessible, yet we’ll bend over backward to have a similar guardian for each visit. We may periodically present another parental figure ... ...lauded by their PCP. 12. How rapidly can support start? Immediately. Brilliant Oasis is known for our speedy beginning home consideration approach, which gives the consideration you need, when you need it. 13. Do I need to sign an agreement or save administrations for a predetermined timeframe? We do have a standard help understanding that diagrams the administrations that we will give, which ensures you and us. Notwithstanding, you can drop our administration whenever with in any event fourteen days notice. 14. Would i be able to cause changes to the calendar on the off chance that I to have an arrangement? Totally! We simply ask that you give us however much notification as could be expected by calling our office. Any retractions with under 24 hours notice might be liable to charges. 15. In the event that I have an issue or question, whom would it be a good idea for me to contact? In the event that you have any worries or questions, if you don't mind don’t delay to contact our office and talk with a colleague.

Strategies for writing an ideal teacher resume -TheJobNetwork

Techniques for composing a perfect instructor continue - TheJobNetwork On the off chance that you’re an educator (or chipping away at getting one), you realize that when you complete your degree(s), your instructional classes, and any normalized tests your state tosses your direction, the pursuit of employment can feel like one more overwhelming procedure. Or then again perhaps you’re further along in your profession and you’re prepared for a view change, or a subject change. Whatever the case might be, your resume should be an effortless piece of the procedure. Let’s take a gander at certain techniques you can use as you make your own instructing resume. Do a little pre-continue brainstorming.Before you begin turning endlessly, here are some resume rudiments to consider before you even beginning taking a shot at your resume. Ask yourself:Who will be understanding this? Will it be another teacher or manager, or a layman? This can assist you with deciding what amount of language or vocation shorthand you can use.What would I l ike to stress most about myself and my profession? What are the advantages that make you the most significant hire?What is my objective with this resume? Are you hoping to secure your first position in the field, change employments, or move up?Thinking about these things early causes you refine your resume before you’ve even started. You’ve got thoughts. Presently you simply need some structure for them†¦Open solid with a feature, target, or summary.At the highest point of your resume will be your contact data, obviously (don’t be that person or lady who feels that the spread email is sufficient contact information for this advanced day and age), yet after that is your initial proclamation. You could simply make a plunge directly into the subtleties of your resume, however consider it-this is an opportunity to truly acquaint yourself with the peruser, and set the account for the remainder of your resume. Odds are, whoever is perusing your resume will likewi se be perusing a heap of resumes from others who might be comparably equipped for the activity. So you need to take each edge you can get, including a sentence or two to help set you apart from those others.Headlines are actually what they sound like: a concise, strong joke about what your identity is. A feature is brief, and it doesn’t contain your biography, yet it tells the peruser who they’re going to meet in the remainder of the resume. Here are some examples:Columbus School District Teacher of the Year Seasoned Educator and Expert Curriculum Builder Creative, Metrics-Focused Elementary School Educator Objective proclamations are two or three brief sentences telling the peruser your plan. The peruser definitely realizes you need an occupation, so you don’t should be that unequivocal. The goal can be progressively about your transient objectives with this position. It is safe to say that you are hoping to change your profession? Start your vocation? Leve l up with an influential position? The target enables the peruser to perceive what you’re plotting for, other than a meeting. Here are some examples:Educator with 10 years of experience looking for a managerial role.Looking for a situation as an exceptional needs instructor at Washington Academy, bringing an imaginative, high-vitality way to deal with understudy outcomes.Seeking a situation as a math educator concentrating on innovation combination and educational program best practices to improve understudy achievement.Summary explanations are to a greater extent a short assortment of features that you need to stress about yourself. Resume rundowns are here and there called â€Å"qualifications summaries† or â€Å"competencies.† Here, you get out the abilities and achievements that you need the peruser to concentrate on. For example:Motivated, enthusiastic instructor who esteems assorted variety and imagination in the classroomResults-centered pioneer with a re cord of improving understudy test scores year-over-year15 long stretches of educational plan building experience, and improvement of study hall exercises as per state principles and best practicesAgain, not the biography, however somewhat of a sneak see for the peruser. You ought to be set up to back up your introduction explanations with progressively itemized aptitudes or experience shots later in the resume.Make your experience work for you.As an instructor, you’ve got a ton of things previously working for you on your resume: your training and confirmations, which are basic components. Those are solid focuses that you don’t truly need to artfulness or scholar they are what they are. You should feature your instruction and accreditations in a concise segment close to the highest point of the resume.After that, you can begin being somewhat more inventive with your resume structure. In the event that you as of now have a huge amount of study hall experience, at that p oint you can go the conventional course and put your work understanding straightaway, trailed by skills.If you’re an ongoing graduate or a lifelong changer, and don’t yet have huge amounts of experience, consider going with an additional aptitudes substantial organization. This puts your aptitudes and general capabilities up front, giving it higher need over the â€Å"experience† segment. Also, regardless of whether you have an inclination that you don’t have a ton of experience (yet), you do have things you can use to tissue out that experience area. Humanitarian effort, club or expert affiliation exercises, or extracurricular showing work you’ve done can likewise be utilized here. That people group composing course you ran at the senior community a year ago? Incorporate it. Your three ongoing summers as a camp instructor working with rudimentary age understudies while you finished your student work? Incorporate it, in the event that it applies to the showing work you’re looking for. (In the event that you’re looking for a youth instruction work, incredible if you’re hoping to instruct analytics to seniors, perhaps not as significant). You can be inventive here to fill in gaps.As you’re building your experience segment, don’t neglect to list achievements, not obligations. The individual perusing the resume is progressively inspired by what you’ve accomplished in your profession up until this point, not really what your 10 day by day obligations were in your last employment. It’s essential to feature just the most important experience focuses, identified with the activity you’re seeking.Be particular about your skills.Sure, you may have the most elevated Candy Crush score in the province, or play the harmonica introduction to â€Å"Piano Man† so wonderfully it’d make Billy Joel himself cry. Those are incredible abilities to have. Be that as it may, they may not chip away at your resume. Your aptitudes segment, similar to the remainder of your resume, ought to be laser-centered around the current task. These six ranges of abilities are among the top aptitudes for instructors, so you should focus on these areas:Communication aptitudes. Educators convey constantly they work legitimately with understudies, different instructors, chairmen, staff, and guardians all the time. Ensure you accentuate your qualities with regards to composing, talking, introducing, and-maybe above all listening.Problem settling aptitudes. Educators are issue solvers, and help other people settle them too. You can give instances of how you explain clashes, how you can adjust exercise designs progressively, and how you approach those unforeseen minutes in any classroom.Organizational abilities. Employing chiefs will be intrigued to know how you shuffle a teacher’s numerous errands (study hall instructing, gatherings, evaluating, exercise arranging, and so fo rth.). Your time the board aptitudes are urgent, so unquestionably underscore those on your resume.Patience. Regardless of whether you’re showing a study hall of six-year-olds or sixty-year-olds, one of the key qualities of a teacher is persistence, and the capacity to work with any understudy to assist them with learning and accomplish. Not every person has tolerance, so this is a decent ability to remember for your resume.People aptitudes. Thus, general relationship building abilities are a benefit on your resume. The peruser will need to realize you can work with others in a gainful manner, particularly understudies. Be that as it may, this applies to others also, in light of the fact that educators are particularly cooperative people, connecting with their partners and directors consistently as well.Technological abilities. We live in a perpetually advanced world, and educators who can help carry innovation into the homeroom gainfully can be significant resources for a sc hool. The abilities segment is a decent spot to get out your vocation important tech expertise.Don’t avoid the editing.After you’ve composed your resume, there is one more non-debatable advance: you have to survey it cautiously. Do you truly require everything you’ve included? Is everything pertinent to the set of working responsibilities? Also, generally significant, have you fanatically edited it, or potentially had somebody trusted do it for you? It very well may be enticing to hit â€Å"send† when you compose the final word, however you ought to consistently, consistently make that additional stride and ensure the entire record is actually as it ought to be.For instances of educator resumes (passage level, mid-vocation, and looking for upward development), we’ve got you secured: How to Write a Perfect Teaching Resume (Examples Included). Furthermore, in the event that you need more motivation, our Resume Library is a tick away also.

5 Decluttering Tips

5 Decluttering Tips The Minimalists are not fans of so-called listicles because lists skew toward trite, vapid, or overly simplistic. Despite our allergic reaction, the media frequently asks for The Minimalists top decluttering tips. Although we dont hand them a list, we usually answer with the following advice. 1. Question. Start your process by asking the most important question: How might my life be better with less? By answering this question, you identify the benefits of letting goâ€"not just the how-to, but the more important why-to. The benefits are different for each of us. For some, its improved health or relationships; for others, the benefits are financial freedom or more time to create. Understanding the purpose of decluttering will grant you the leverage to keep going. 2. Start Small. Once you understand why youre decluttering, get momentum by starting small. We recommend the 30-Day Minimalism Game, which makes decluttering fun by injecting some friendly competition. 3. Packing Party. Once you have momentum, let go of more stuff by throwing a Packing Party. Do it in one roomâ€"or if youre feeling adventurous, your entire house! 4. Rules. If you need guidance along the way, consider the Just-in-Case Rule, the 90/90 Rule, and the 10/10 Material Possessions Theory to help you stay on track. 5. Organize. No matter where you are on your journey, always remember: the easiest way to organize your stuff is to get rid of most of it. To dive deeper, visit our Start Here page or listen to our favorite audiobook, Everything That Remains. You May Also Enjoy How to Start a Successful Blog Today Learn how to start a blog in less than an hour. Follow the step-by-step instructions we used when starting our blog, which now has reached more than 20 million people. Creating this blog is one of the best decisions Ryan and I ever made. After all, our blog is how we earn a living. More important, it's how we add value to other people's lives. Read more 30-Day Minimalism Game Let's play a simple game together. We call it the 30-Day Minimalism Game. Find a friend, family member, or coworker who's willing to minimize their stuff with you next month. Read more 11 Ways to Write Better We are all writers now. Whether you write books, blog posts, emails, Instagram captions, or text messages, you are a writer. No matter your preferred medium, here are a few tips to help you write more effectively. Read more Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Tackling SAT Sentence Correction Questions

A very important part of the SAT Writing section involves finding errors in sentences and correcting them. This is a test of your grammar skills and measures your ability to make coherent sentences. Here are some tips for tackling SAT sentence correction questions: Read the sentences carefully – This one’s coming straight from the folks at College Board. Read the entire sentence carefully and quickly, paying close attention to all the underlined choices from (A) to (D). Underline the word that needs to be changed – It is a good practice to underline the word or phrase that has to be changed. You can also find a sentence without any error. Look out for common grammatical mistakes – Your first instinct in these problems should be to find out typical grammatical errors. Look out for tenses, subject-verb agreement and parallelism errors, among others. Avoid subtle traps – A common way to confuse test takers is adding a lot of words in the form of prepositional phrases or adjectives to make the sentence longer and more confusing. The actual error may be located in a very small portion of the sentence. Remember to look out for the typical grammatical errors. Use elimination – If you cannot spot the error, go back the other way by eliminating answer choices. Elimination helps you narrow down your answer choices which can be used to arrive at the right answer. Don’t be afraid to select the original sentence – Sometimes the best answer may be the original sentence. It can happen that the original sentence has no errors at all. Practice makes perfect – Solve a lot of practice problems and practice tests to really get this question type under your belt. After solving questions, make sure you analyze your mistakes. These mistakes should not be repeated in the subsequent practice sessions. For more practice questions, go here 30 MinPrep Classes Attend Free GMAT/GRE Prep Classes Everyday Learn more Virtual One-to-OneMeetings On-demand online meetings with Admissions Teams for free Learn more

Adolescence, Body And Mind, Section Puberty - 1735 Words

1. Chapter 9, â€Å"Adolescence† Body and Mind,† section Puberty explains the physical and mental changes that teenagers go through, it’s the state in which they transition from children to young adults, incapable of completely just one or the other (Berger, 315). The first changes of puberty, physically-wise, begins around the ages of 9 – 13 years’ old for both boys and girls, which include facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and of course body growth; such as the hands, feet, face, and private parts. Although genetics do play a role of the timing of these body changes, environmental, emotional, and cultural factors can also affect the time and age when puberty happens. Sometimes it’s delayed, other times the process is quicker than norm. â€Å"About two thirds of the variation of age of puberty is genetic, evident not only in families, but also in ethnic groups†¦precocious puberty is genetic, but the cause of the increase is largely unknown – perhaps childhood obesity or new chemicals in the environment† (Berger, 320-321). Among puberty, adolescents’ nutrition become poor due to body image†¦In addition, there eating disorders that teenagers discover during their transition, they are more â€Å"vulnerable to unhealthy eating,† and unlike childhood, â€Å"eating disorders increase drastically during puberty† (Berger, 325). This part of the chapter explains two major and serious types of eating disorders. Anorexia Nervosa is a voluntarily starvation in which a person will starve him orShow MoreRelatedTeenage Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancies1364 Words   |  6 Pageshigh school when an adolescent is hitting puberty. But, teaching sexual education to teenagers when their hormones are off the roof is like telling a child not to eat a cake after they had just consumed it—not very helpful. If a child is taught at an early age about sexual education, staring in ele mentary school, rather than in high school or middle school, it will reduce the risk of teenage pregnancies, help kids is less self-conscience of his or her body, and gain a clear understanding of sexualRead MoreMiddle Childhood and Adolescence2141 Words   |  9 PagesMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Development Team B Psy - 375 July, 2, 2013 Professor Denisha White Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Middle childhood development primarily entails growth previous to puberty during early school years; yet in contrast, adolescence signifies puberty as an inevitable biological change during that period. These stages of development refine the gradual transformation of psychological, physical, and social ways that enlighten any life span. This essayRead MoreCNDV 5311 Essay3580 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ CNDV 5301: HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDENT NAME:_Daron Pritchard_______ SECTION NUMBER:_CNL________________ ASSIGNMENT FINAL COURSE PROJECT As you have reflected on development across the lifespan and the Life Wheel throughout this course, what have you discovered about physical, social/cultural, environmental, developmental (Week 1-3 only) or occupational (Week 4 and 5), spiritual, intellectual, and emotional development? Reflect on the material from each week incorporating the elementsRead MoreEssay on Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children Aruna Kalicharan Psychology of Infancy and Childhood (DEP 2000), Section 01 Professor Lissette M. Saavedra April 24, 2001 What is Low self-esteem? In most cases, children with low self-esteem feel that the important adults and peers in their lives do not accept them, do not care about them very much, and would not go out of their way to ensure their safety and well-being. Negative self-esteem is related to low self-confidence, insecurity, underachievementRead MoreAdolescent Depression And Its Effects1339 Words   |  6 Pageseven suicide. To prove my point I arranged my paper by first letting the audience know what adolescent depression is and how is it taking place in our society. Then I provide four sections: analysis, cause and effects of adolescent depression, how the media contributes with adolescent depression, counterclaim. Each section explains or gives evidence to prove my statement and in my counterclaim I put myself into my opponents’ shoes proving why I think adolescent depression is not a serious issue. ThenRead MoreIs Sex Education Necessary in School?1123 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance in schools and colleges. 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Until maturation of their reproductive capabilities, pubertal physical differences

Makings of a Tragic Hero - 1202 Words

A possible theme for Oedipus the King by Sophocles is that one’s blindness can hide the inevitability that is his destiny. Oedipus is in this situation. He struggles to escape his fate: killing his father and marrying his mother and believes he is successful. Sophocles believes that the gpds control one’s destiny and the inevitability that a person will do what is destined despite there hero’s intentions.Oedipus represent the standards of a true tragic hero: he is well known, basically good, his punishment is out of proportion compared to his crime, the audience at some point feels sorrow and pity for him, and Oedipus has a tragic flaw. During the whole story Oedipus thinks that he may be able to change his fate a live life how he wants but he falls to that which is his destiny.For these reason Oedipus is truly an example of a tragic hero and is unable to avoid his tragic fate. Oedipus is well known and prominent and that is important to making him a true tragic hero. A tragic hero is always in a place of power usually politically. In the beginning of the story Oedipus is the son of the queen and king of Thebes, but because of a prophecy his Father fears his child and expels him out of the kingdom. Yet through strange transactions the baby ends up becoming the prince of Corinth, but he leaves to try to escape his cruel fate. On his journey he encounters a sphinx, by solving the riddles it has for him he defeats it you freed us from the sphinx (line 44), defeating aShow MoreRelatedThe Heroes Of A Hero1082 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Reeve once said, â€Å"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles.† In today’s society, what describes a hero is different to each person you ask. In my opinion, there are three different heroes today. There are the heroes you read about i n books and watch in movies such as The Avengers and X-Men, and there are the everyday heroes such as doctors, police, and soldiers. There are also tragic heroes. Shakespeare is famousRead MoreCharacteristics Of Michael Jackson712 Words   |  3 PagesMichael Jackson a tragic hero? Well, What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is someone who is great or virtuous character who is destined for downfall, suffering or defeat. Michael Jackson fits characteristics of a tragic hero. Many people remember him by his influence on people and music.Some of the ways he did inspire people was by doing things for children. Michael fits the characteristics as a tragic hero in many different ways with all the downfalls and positive things he has done for us todayRead MoreCreon The Tragic Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesA tragic hero is defined in most cases as a literary character of great stature whose moral defect leads to tragedy but some self-awareness brings the character to make the right decisio n (World Literatures). That is why although Antigone portrays many characteristics of a tragic hero, the real tragic hero of this play is Creon. A tragic hero in the Greek world is very different from our perceptive of a hero in the modern world. When today’s society thinks of a hero they think of superpowers andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar919 Words   |  4 PagesWickingson HELA10, Hour 7 Mrs. Beren 8 December 2014 A hero has many attributes and characteristics that can both positively and negatively affect them. A hero can then be considered a tragic hero through the choices that eventually bring about their demise. At first glance, Caesar may appear to be the tragic hero, when the real tragedy actually lies in Brutus’s story in William Shakespeare s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. One tray a tragic hero must posses is that they are relatable. The play mayRead More John Proctor is a Tragic Hero in The Crucible by Arthur Miller688 Words   |  3 Pages Since the times of the ancient Greeks, tragic heroes have been used to enhance the meaning of a play or literary work. Any character cannot be described as tragic hero. Several key characteristics are necessary for the tragic hero to possess in order to be characterized as such. He must be high-ranked or have a high standing in the community. He must have a weakness or a tragic flaw and be involved in a struggle. In the end, that struggle will lead to his downfall. Arthur Miller purposely incorporatesRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth - The Tragic Hero717 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth - The Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Every true Elizabethan Tragedy comes complete with a tragic hero.   The tragedy Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, has a perfect example of a tragic hero, otherwise known as Macbeth.   A tragic hero must be a man who is great and admirable in various ways.   He should be placed in society in such a way that everything he does affects all of the members of his society.   A tragic hero should at some point reach the top of Fortune’s Wheel, but land upRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare818 Words   |  3 Pagesgiven credit for the popularizing of tragedies, causing a tragic hero to be seen as a reputable character. In Shakespeare’s story â€Å"Romeo and Juliet,† two ill-fated lovers are caught between the bitter hatred of their two families. Knowing their parents would never approve, Romeo and Juliet struggle to keep their love a secret. Though the story ends in what most people would view as a tragedy, Romeo fails to meet the characteristics of a tragic hero established by Aristotle, who first created the literaryRead MoreEssay on Oedipus: The Reign of a Tragic Hero1266 Words   |  6 Pagesto truly understand a tragic play and the history it comes with? The history behind the character of Oedipus, in the play Oedipus the King, is very complicated. His intricate past dealing with prophecies, family members, and murder is the main focus of the story. There are many characteristics that complete Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; these being the presence of hamartia and peripeteia, a sense of self-awareness, the audience’s pity for the character, and the hero is of noble birth. Read More The Tragic Hero: Creon or Antigone? Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone and Creon can both be thought of as the tragic hero of the play. Though Antigone does show some of these characteristics of a tragic hero, Creon demonstrates the attributes more clearly and concisely. Creon is the K ing of Thebes, as well as the uncle of Antigone. Creon took the throne after a tragic quarrel between his two nephews, Eteocles and Polyneices. Despite his harsh governing and his crude ideals, he is not good or bad. Creon is the tragic hero of the play Antigone, because of his superiorityRead MoreDoes Brutus â€Å"Qualify† as a Tragic Hero?873 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Brutus â€Å"qualify† as a tragic hero? Marcus Brutus does qualify as the tragic hero in Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. A tragic hero is a good or even great man and thus wins our sympathy causing catharsis. A tragic hero displays hamartia— the hero makes a mistake causing the downfall of his fortune. A tragic hero usually brings suffering and death to other characters, even a whole country. Finally, a tragic hero goes into a situation in which there is no getting

Provide High-Quality Inclusive, Early Childhood Education...

According to SDN Children’s Services (1905) SDN, a not-for profit organisation is committed in providing quality and inclusive services for children and families in need of early childhood education and care services such as long day care centres and pre-schools within the regions of New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. In addition to these mainstream services, SDN caters specific programs and early intervention support designed for children with high care needs that require additional assistance and their families of marginalised backgrounds who are undergoing challenges in relation to their cultural background, economical situations or experiencing other exclusive conditions (SDN Children’s Services 1905). A description of†¦show more content†¦Funded by the NSW Department of Education and Communities this program is designed to encourage eligible preschools and services to improve resources for children who require additional needs. SCAN hopes to achieve improvement of opportunities for their target group in accessing suitable educational services and to make progress of educators engage their target group within the mainstream education program. The SDN Annual Report (2013) identifies a range of significant national and state legislations adhered by the provision of services of SDN which include, Australian Charities and Not-for-Profit Commission Act 2012, National Disability Insurance Scheme Act 2013, NSW Disability Services Act 1993, NSW Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 and ACT Children and Young People Act 2008 (p. 15). As SDN is one of many community-based organisations in Australia, in terms of funding arrangements for their childhood education and care centres, SDN rely on donations, fundraising and humanitarian grants from volunteer fundraising committees, corporations, benevolent foundations and the general public (p. 61). In contrast, when receiving funds to deliver specific programs, care services and projects designed for children and families in need of additional care such as Brighter Futures and SCAN, the SDN Annual Report illustrates they are funded by the federal government and state government departments (p.Show MoreRelatedThe Early Childhood Education Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesKindergartens with the early childhood education society Aotearoa is a country that is bi-cultural yet multi-cultural. In the early childhood education sector there is a growing focus on diversity and achieving equality. This essay will have an emphasis on the diversity of ability, linking to the sociological concepts of ideology, mainstream and identity within a kindergarten setting. A discussion on inclusive practice will be apparent along with the roles and responsibilities of the educators withinRead MoreChildren With Multicultural And Diverse Experiences849 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Early childhood providers do many difficult tasks. The hardest task is to provide the children with multicultural and diverse experiences. Since the beginning of time, the extended families, clans, and the communities raised the young children. Even today, many early childhood programs and family child care institutions tend to be similar and homogeneous to the children’s home backgrounds. The common criteria parents use to choose the early childhood programs, and the child care facilitiesRead Morenational quality standards1389 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Task A: Research National quality standards National quality standard definition; ‘the national quality standard is the benchmark for the quality of early childhood education and care in Australia.’ National Quality Standard (NQS) is the main aspect of the NQF which sets a national standard for early childhood education and care, and also outside school hours care services in Australia. It aims to promote; The safety, health and wellbeing of children A focus on achieving outcomesRead MoreDiversity: Indigenous Communities1275 Words   |  6 Pages Many indigenous communities in today’s society are not being included in the day to day aspects of life including health services and education, due to their cultures beliefs and values. In an early childhood centre it is important to create an environment that is inclusive of all children and their families. The Victorian government is in the process of developing and implementing an Aboriginal Inclusion Framework, which aims to improve the practice of universal services for Aboriginal childrenRead MoreMy Teaching Style Uses The Facilitator Method Of Teaching876 Words   |  4 PagesAs an early childhood professional, I take pride in educating and caring for young children. My preferred teaching style includes taking on a hands-on, active approach to teaching and learning. Every day brings new opportunities for me to learn with and about young learners and their families. My teaching style is impacted by information gained from young children’s home life and communiti es. My students are engaged and motivated to learn in a safe, healthy, and nurturing environment that enablesRead MoreThe Importance Of An Inclusive Practice For Early Childhood Centers1311 Words   |  6 PagesAn inclusive practice is an important aspect to early childhood centers but can often be hard to achieve due to factors such as funding and limited resources. As well determining how inclusive a center is and how to best support challenges center face in becoming more inclusive can be difficult. Through the use of tools like the SpeciaLink Early Childhood: Inclusion Quality Scale early childhood educators can systematically and careful rate their inclusion levels and build plans to address concernsRead MoreThis Chapter Will Provide The Theoretical Framework For1281 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter will provide the theoretical framework for training teachers for family engagement followed by a current and comprehensive literature review of: (1) Importance of family engagement, (2) Family engagement and educational equity, (3) Current state of teacher preparation for family engagement, (4) Teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards family engagement, and (5) Best practices for teacher preparation. Following the literature review, the summary at the end of the chapter will proposeRead MoreThe Standards Movement : Developing High Quality Early Childhood Programs958 Words   |  4 PagesThe standards movement plays a critical role in developing high-quality early childhood programs. According to Freeney, Galper, and Seefeldt (2009) â€Å"the standards movement is one of the most influential trends in all of education in the last few decades† (p. 260). The main goal of creating standards in early childhood education was to prepare all children to start school ready to learn. However, there was much debate about what and how readiness was determined. This brief dissertation describes theRead MoreInclusion Of Children With Disabilities1979 Words   |  8 Pagesfor education 2005; this act helps to support practices within all educational systems to comply with anti-discrimination acts on the grounds of disabilities. Many of our current policies share common elements mainly based on equity and excellence, with a different curriculum for school aged children and separate again for schools. The United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (1989), the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians (2008), the National Quality FrameworkRead MoreMy Mission At Woodley Road Pre School1310 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Mission Our mission here at Woodley Road pre-school is to provide a high quality structured educational program to children and families around the ages three to five years old. We are here to insoire and support all families educational and early childhood care and needs. Our focus is to offer a educational program that will promote each child developmental needs. School Vision We are lead by a supportive and caring administrator and staff. We offer students an opportunity to learn and develop

Bravery - 2842 Words

Bravery Youre walking down the street, coming home from school, and all of a sudden you hear a shrill voice calling Help! Help! You run toward the voice and when you run about a block up the street you smell smoke. You look up and see a house totally engulfed in flames. You see a woman on the lawn of the burning building crying, Help! Help! My babys inside! Inside the burning building? you ask. The woman nods her head up and down. You tell her not to worry, that youll save her baby. You run inside. Heat surrounds you. Your eyes sting and you can hardly breathe with all of the smoke, but you keep progressing because you know that youve got to save that baby. You make your way up the stairs, flames jumping at you†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of the play the murderer, who happens to be the narrator, tells how he went about murdering a man with an evil vulture eye. He insists that he was really only destroying the eye, that he only killed the man to rid himself of the dreaded gaping eyeball that had been haunting him. So, the way that I see it is that the narrator is trying to convince himself that he was brave enough to finally rid himself of the haunting eye that he may have been genuinely afraid of. What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word brave? Do you think about a superhero, or maybe a soldier that fights for our country? Bravery is the ability to face danger, fear or pain. Bravery is the quality of a person who displays courage and fearlessness in the face of danger. Such qualities show splendor and magnificence in a person. Fear and terror sometimes hinder the determination someone can show. Overcoming this fear is what portrays bravery. The boldest of individuals is the one who abides by his or her conscience. In Night the main character Ellie Weisel whom is also the author went through a dreadful struggle in a concentration camp. Through all the hardships, he obeyed his conscience and never abandoned his dad and he also managed to maintain his faith. In To Kill a Mocking bird by Harper Lee a different type of bravery is shown, Scout and Jem have to face a town that thinks theirShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : Bravery Saved My Mom1057 Words   |  5 Pagesand in that moment you have to be brave it is very important. Bravery can ultimately change your life. Better things can come from bravery. I had an experience where being brave was my only choice. I believe if I had experienced more occasions earlier on in life were I had to be brave I would have handled the situation better, but if I had not stepped in at that moment my life could have indeed took a turn for the worst. In turn bravery saved my mom. I’ve grown up in a divided family, spending weekendsRead MoreBravery - Bravery And Courage992 Words   |  4 PagesBravery Personified Master Sargent Charles Burlington, III, wakes up from his mid-day nap to find his twin sister taking her own nap in the chair next to him. He will probably never admit it, but he takes great comfort in her presence. He suffered a tramatic brain injury with hearing loss in addition to the loss of his left leg by a roadside bomb in Kabul, Afghanistan that took the lives of two members of his team and maimed two others. His survival was uncertain when he was flown to a militaryRead MoreTrue Grit And Ray From Charles Portis s The Dog Of The South Show Devotion1369 Words   |  6 Pagesthey can most likely achieve their all time life goals. Mattie Ross from Charles Portis s True Grit and Ray from Charles Portis s The dog of the south show devotion throughout their novels: obsession showing devotion, revenge showing devotion, and bravery leading to devotion. Throughout True Grit Mattie is shown to be obsessive, which is shown through her devotion throughout the novel. That is my father. I stood there looking at him. What a waste! Tom Chaney! Would pay for this! I would not restRead MoreInherit The Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee710 Words   |  3 Pagesnot define the people who advocate them. Each character in this play has viewpoints that influence their actions. The bravery, honesty and determination required to express an opinion defines a person more than the opinion, allowing one to respect a man who advocates unpopular opinions. When a man stands up for his beliefs despite their unpopularity, he exemplifies great bravery. While Bertram Cates may not have been the most brave man when the trial began, he later addresses the courtroom by sayingRead MoreThe Bravery of Odysseus569 Words   |  2 Pagesisland, and his flawless following of the gods instructions are acts of bravery that is uncommon in most men. Odysseus’ courage in the cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus banishes his crew’s trepidation and eventually gets them out of there. When Polyphemus returns to the cave after capturing them, Odysseus takes the risk to get the Cyclops’ attention so he can manipulate the one-eyed giant into drinking the potent wine. Odysseus’ bravery is catching and he inspires those with him. Once Polyphemus has passedRead More Essay on Bravery in The Tempest823 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Bravery in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   Bravery performs a very important role in The Tempest.   Different than a motif, the theme of bravery actually takes form in Shakespeares play and develops the play itself.   However, like a motif, bravery is used intermittently throughout the play in different form and context.   It captures different meanings and performs different capacities erratically.   A denotative definition from the 15th century, according to the Merriam-Webster CollegiateRead MoreBravery : A Brave Hobbit723 Words   |  3 PagesBravery is a trait that people desire. It reveals the true heroes, and since not all people can be a true hero, bravery is not found in all. While some people might not show it, there are people who have shown it in incredible amounts, both in the fictional world and in the non-fictional world. â€Å"A sword wields no strength unless the hand that holds it has courage† is a memorable quote from a critically acclaimed video game (The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess). That miniscule quote presents oneRead MoreThe Virtue of Bravery Essays915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Virtue of Bravery In this essay I will be describing the virtue of bravery. I will first define what Aristotle thinks virtue is, explain the virtue of bravery, and then finally reflect this virtue on my personal experience in the Shaw neighborhood. Aristotle breaks down virtue into four aspects which are: a state that decides in mean, consisting in a mean, the mean relative to us, which is defined by reference to reason(1107a). He also states that there are two kinds of virtue:Read MoreThe Forms of True Bravery800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Forms of True Bravery Nelson Mandela once said â€Å"I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.† And fear is just a state of mind, a strong and thick barrier that prevents us from success and achieving our dreams or what we believe is right to us, but it is weak and thin when standing against courage, and once it is defeated, those barriers dissipate. But the main question is how canRead Morebravery in the face of danger500 Words   |  2 Pages A hero is someone who shows bravery in the face of danger. Odysseus, from Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† is one of those epic heroes. Odysseus shows all the qualities of a Hero. He is swift, cunning, and intelligent. But the trait that Odysseus expresses the most is his bravery. During his journey, Odysseus faces many dangerous events. In these events, Odysseus must be brave not only for his men but also to overcome the situatio n and stay alive. One of these dangerous situations involves coming face

Video Vault Case Free Essays

Introduction: The Video Vault was dominant is the location of major route connecting Westborough to the neighbour communities of Hopkinton and Upton with floor space at 750 square feet, the owners were innovative in displaying their roughly 10,000 units (or 8,000 titles) of inventory, 700 of which were in the DVD format. Peaslee and St. Angelo had 6,000 registered customers, with about half that number being active renters. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Vault Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to rent videos at the store, customers provided a credit card number or a $35 deposit, protecting the business against unreturned product or unpaid late fees. New releases, adult videos, and video games rented for $4 per day, catalogue titles rented for $3 per day. The average late fee was $2. 75. Total late fees in 2001 were $6,133. Supply chain performances In revenue sharing contract, the store shares the revenue from the customer with the studio through which it gets its inventory. The widespread use of revenue sharing fundamentally changed the economics of the industry. Under this, distributors sold the tape to the retailer at a much lower price- from $3 to $8 per tape- in return for a percentage of the rental revenue and a percentage of eventual used-tape sales to consumer. But as the same time there were some disadvantages that were came with revenue sharing contract. Store had to share data with the studio and also had to keep maximum and minimum inventory of inventory as per the contract which diluted the controllability of store owners. Since they opened their store, Peaslee and St. Angelo had seen the regular distribution channels and pricing change dramatically. In the past, the partners bought roughly 150 to 200 titles per year, one-third from established distributors that bought directly from studios, and the rest from â€Å"sideways selling†Ã¢â‚¬â€a practice of buying product from other video stores, retailers, or individual traders. The top tier A titles were roughly $70 from distributors and were shipped to stores prior to the video rental release date. Buying product from other avenues resulted in lower prices, but it could take weeks or months after the release date to obtain copies. During 2000 and 2001, however, the Video Vault bought 90% of its product directly from studios, with a few distributors acting as â€Å"fulfillment centers,† shipping product from studios without owning it How to cite Video Vault Case, Papers

Implement and Monitor Work Health and Safety Practices

Questions: 1. Describe your workplace in detail. In your description you should outline the key points you need to consider when preparing rosters, for example, trading hours, style of service. State as many points as you can that demonstrate your knowledge of your workplace. 2. List five (5) reasons why organisations/establishments provide and operate with rosters highlighting the benefits of each 3. List a source of current Industrial Relations Information, specifically relating to Awards and Award Interpretation 4. List in full the title of the Award under which an employee working in a Restaurant (Provision of Meals, on Premise Service of Liquor only Liquor License, i.e. a Small Restaurant), in the Brisbane CBD would generally be employed under 5. List in full the title of the Award under which an employee working in a Hotel (General Hotel Liquor License, i.e. a Pub) in a Bar, in the Brisbane CBD would generally be employed under 6. List one (1) consideration for each of the following when preparing rosters: cultural back ground, organisational requirements or legislative requirements. 7. Define each of the terms; full-time employee, casual employee, permanent employee , part-time employee and salaried employee 8. Identify two common combinations of duties for Bar Staff 9. If an employee is entitled to bereavement leave, whose death does it cover? 10. The grade of an employee with the most basic level of skill and/or experience is Grade 1, 2, 3 or 4? 11. Briefly describe three (3) procedures that may be used to maintain the confidentiality of staff records 12. Rosters may be prepared using the 24 hour clock format. Change each of the following times into the 12 hour (am/pm) format: 0700 hours, 1430 hours, 0115, 2355, 1845 hours 13. List five (5) details which are recorded on a timesheet 14. Under the Hospitality Industry Restaurant, Catering and Allied Establishments Award - South Eastern Division how long must staff get as a break between shifts? 15. What is the reason why employers keep old rosters and timesheets in their files? How long should the records be kept for? 16. State two reasons why it is imperative to roster within the wage budget. 17. Describe the importance of multiskilling in relation to rostering. 18. State one example and 3 benefits of any rostering software available on the market today. Answers: 1. The workplace selected for the purpose of study is a restaurant business specializing in liquor service. In this particular form of business the key considerations which needs to be considered includes sales for the week which is related to various restaurant functions, and total sales, productivity factor includes total number of hours worked, average labor cost and average sales, labor cost and labor cost percentage. (Caprara and Fischetti 2013). 2. The reason for the organization to provide roster management service includes: Employee shift schedule- It ensures that each shift is accommodating sufficient employees to keep things running smoothly. This also helps prevent accidents, disorganization and wastefulness. Underperforming employees- A good roster plan acts as a good tool to asses the employees who perform poorly in an organization. Increasing productivity- A roster plan ensures that the productivity of the business is maintained. For example keeping the employees engaged into same shift can make the employees feel fatigued. Maximizing the resources- A good roster plan helps to maximize the day to day resource which translates into better profits for the company. Proper staff allocation- It substantially improves the customer service which is provided during the business hours. 3. Awards interpretation contains minimum terms and conditions of employment service. The award system is based on mainly two sources namely modern awards and award-based transitional instruments which are presently being reviewed. The standard clause in the odern award system includes: Allowances Transitional provisions Award flexibility Dispute resolution Redundancy Termination of employment 4. The list of title of award of an employee working in restaurant in Brisbane would generally be employed under: Perfect attendance Commitment to service On time delivery award Top drawer award 5. The list of title of award of an employee working in a hotel in Brisbane would generally be employed under: Perfect attendance award Certificate of appreciation Honor roll Key to quality award Outstanding dependability award 6. Cultural background- Planning of roster on religious holiday Organizational requirement- Roster planning in accordance to meet busy schedule Legislative Requirement Planning Roster on Republic day. 7. Full time employment- Full time employment refers to that employee who works for 38 hours each week on an average. Casual employment- Employed only when needed Part time employment- Employed less than the scheduled working hours. Salaried Employment- It is a form employment contract in which an employee receives salary based on the employment contract (Beveridge 2014). 8. Two common combinations of duties of a bar staff includes: Checking of customer order on timely manner Greeting the guests and preparing as per the order 9. On the death of immediate family member bereavement leave is provided to an employee. 10. The grade of an employee with the most basic level of experience is considered as grade 1 employee. 11. Maintenance of separate folders for storing medical information Protecting electronic information with firewall Marking of electronic documents as confidential and securing with password protection. Putting a limit to acquisition of confidential client. Disposing of the confidential information in safe way. 12.0700 hours 7 a.m. 1430 hours 2:30 p.m. 0115 hours 1:15 a.m. 2355 hours 11:55p.m. 1845 hours 6:45p.m. 13. The five items listed in time sheet are: Regular Overtime Vacation Casual Leave Loss of pay 14. The ideal time to maintain a break between shift is 8 hours in case of a hospitality industry. 15. The old roster helps in keeping a track of the records in case of any discrepancy which might occur to an individual. The timesheet should be stored for a period of 6 months for the purpose of reference. 16. Roistering within the wage budget ensures production of rosters to budget in real time. It facilitates tracking actual sales, wages and respond to lower sales. 17. The training of employees under the purview of multiple skill sets promotes the workers in regard of labor union and promotes the workers in gaining range of skills. 18. Three benefits of rostering with software available at market are: Filtering and sorting of rosters into more manageable sub categories. Getting real time alerts in case of clash of shifts Notification for overload in shifts and long shift time frames Reference List Beveridge, W.H., 2014. Full Employment in a Free Society (Works of William H. Beveridge): A Report (Vol. 6). Routledge. Burke, E.K. and Curtois, T., 2014. New approaches to nurse rostering benchmark instances. European Journal of Operational Research, 237(1), pp.71-81. Caprara, A. and Fischetti, M., 2013. Crew Scheduling and Rostering Problems. Operations Research and Decision Aid Methodologies in Traffic and Transportation Management, 166, p.228. Ray, R.R. ed., 2014. Best Paper Award for Interpretation. Interpretation, 2(2), pp.5M-5M.

Language Research Methodology and Design Routledge

Question: Discuss about the Language Research Methodology and Design Routledge. Answer: Introduction: The methodology chapter of the dissertation talks about the various methods that have been used for carrying out the research. It is only when a proper research method is selected the outcome of the research can be fruitful. The complete research is based is on both primary as well as secondary research data. A number of research tools and techniques have been used in order to carry out the research. A detailed literature review has been done using various secondary research sources like books and journals. For the research philosophy, positivism approach has been undertaken. For the research approach, deductive analysis has been used. It is on the basis of this methodology, it has been easier to analyze the existing models and theories related to the topic of the research (Flick, 2015). Again, the analytical design has been used for research design. Most importantly, a survey method was used to understand the perspective of the people of UAE. For the primary data collection, both probability and non-probability sampling technique have been used. A survey among 20 Emirati acquaintances has been conducted. Research philosophy: Research philosophy stands for a set of beliefs. Three research philosophies have been identified, namely, positivism, realism and interpretivism. For this particular research, positivism approach has been undertaken. This philosophy helps to carry out the research by the means of an in-depth study by using various theories and models. This has helped to investigate the research topic in a logical and critical manner (Clark et al. 2014). On the other hand, realism and interpretivism have not been selected because these are based on human perception and the same can vary from one person to other. Research approach: Among the two approaches, namely inductive and deductive research approach, the deductive method has been selected so that the analysis can be carried on the basis of the existing theories and models (Mackey and Gass, 2015). On the other hand, deductive approach has been avoided because coming up with new theories is not a helpful idea. For this study, the analytical design has been selected because it is the right method of carrying out a research in the initial stage. Other two designs, namely, explanatory and exploratory have been avoided because proper information might not have been gained. Analytical study helps to get detailed information about the topic (Silverman, 2016). Survey method has been used as the research strategy because it has been observed that it is important to understand the view point and the perspective of the people of UAE. The study is not based on focus group or case study because if such strategy was undertaken, it would have resulted in some kind of bias result (Skinner, 2015). Sampling method and sampling size: As mentioned, both probability and non-probability sampling method have been used because there always remained chances that the requisite information could be gained from any respondent (Pickard, 2012). The sampling size was kept small and the survey was done among 20 people. This was done to be precise and accurate on the analysis of the findings. Bigger sampling size could have created dilemma at the time of data analysis. Primary as well as secondary data have been used for gaining proper information. Data gained from both the research techniques has contributed equally to reach a proper conclusion of the research study. The analysis and the findings of the research were mainly depended on the data collected from the primary research. Only qualitative data collection method has been used for collecting primary data. A survey was conducted among 20 people of UAE. Travelling to UAE personally had been costly but in order to complete the research, carrying out this primary research was indeed important. As evident, understanding the use of renewable energy and the present situation in this oil rich country can only be known if the residents of the country are personally investigated. This has helped to reach an evident and more accurate consequence of the research. Secondary data collection method: For the literature review, the secondary sources like books and journals were used from both online sources and those that were available in hard copies. Mainly journal that were published in the last 6 years have been used for understanding the current situation of the use of renewable energy. It has to be said that online sources have been really helpful while writing the research paper. Data analysis technique: For the analysis of the secondary data, the literature review was written basically in the form of annotated bibliography. Moreover, a critical analysis of the various topics was also done. The information was supported with proper citations, to avoid any kind of plagiarism issue (Silverman, 2016). For analysis the quantitative data, the numerical digits have been converted into percentages and they have further been demonstrated in form of tables, charts and graphs. Doing so, it has helped to underlay the findings in a linear form that has contributed in easy analysis. Ethical consideration of the research: It is very important to carry out the complete research in an ethical manner. For the secondary analysis, it is important to cite the sources from where the information has been gathered. It has been done to avoid any plagiarism activity (Marais et al. 2015). At the time of conducting the primary research, awareness was made on the fact that each respondent answered with their full consent. None of the respondents were forced to answer. In addition to this, there was no logo or symbol of any Company on the survey paper that could signify any kind of advertisement or promotional activity. Collection of data was strictly done for the sake of academic purpose (Miller, 2012). In addition to this, a consent letter from the University was made available wherever there required permission. Time table: Activities 1st to 3rd Week 4th to 10th week 11th to 13th Week 14th to 17th Week 18th to 21st Week 22nd to 23rd Week 24th Week Selection of the topic Data collection from secondary sources Creating layout Literature review Analysis and interpretation of collected data Findings of the data Conclusion of the study Formation of draft Submission of final work Fig: Gantt Chart (Source: Created by the author) Reference list: Clark, Vicki L. Plano, and John W. Creswell.Understanding research: A consumer's guide. Pearson Higher Ed, 2014. Flick, Uwe.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage, 2015. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Marais, Hendrik C., and Magdalena Pienaar-Marais. "Analysis of Research Methodology in Business and Management Studies as Reflected in the ECRM 2015 Proceedings." InECRM2016-Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business Management": ECRM2016, p. 167. Academic Conferences and publishing limited, 2016. Mertz, Norma T., and Vincent A. Anfara Jr. "Closing the Loop."Theoretical Frameworks in Qualitative Research(2014): 227. Miller, T. I. N. A. "Reconfiguring research relationships: regulation, new technologies and doing ethical research."Ethics in Qualitative Research2012: 29-42. Pickard, Alison.Research methods in information. Facet publishing, 2012. Silverman, David, ed.Qualitative research. Sage, 2016. Skinner, D. "Qualitative methodology: an introduction." 2015. Taylor, Steven J., Robert Bogdan, and Marjorie DeVault.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons, 2015.

JFK Essays (2725 words) - Kennedy Family, , Term Papers

JFK JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy 35th president of the United States, the youngest person ever to be elected president. He was also the first Roman Catholic president and the first president to be born in the 20th century. Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as president. Therefore his achievements were limited. Nevertheless, his influence was worldwide, and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis may have prevented war. Young people especially liked him. No other president was so popular. He brought to the presidency an awareness of the cultural and historical traditions of the United States. Because Kennedy expressed the values of 20th-century America, his presidency was important beyond its political achievements. John Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the second of nine children. Kennedy announced his candidacy early in 1960. By the time the Democratic National Convention opened in July, he had won seven primary victories. His most important had been in West Virginia, where he proved that a Roman Catholic could win in a predominantly Protestant state. When the convention opened, it appeared that Kennedy's only serious challenge for the nomination would come from the Senate majority leader, Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. However, Johnson was strong only among Southern delegates. Kennedy won the nomination on the first ballot and then persuaded Johnson to become his running mate. Two weeks later the Republicans nominated Vice President Richard Nixon for president and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., who was ambassador to the United Nations and whom Kennedy had defeated for the Senate in 1952, for vice president. In the fast-paced campaign that followed, Kennedy made stops in 46 states and 273 cities and towns, while Nixon visited every state and 170 urban areas. Another important element of the campaign was the support Kennedy received from blacks in important Northern states, especially Illinois and Pennsylvania. They supported him in part because he and Robert Kennedy had tried to get the release of the civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. King, who had been jailed for taking part in a civil rights demonstration in Georgia, was released soon afterward. The election drew a record 69 million voters to the polls, but Kennedy won by only 113,000 votes. Kennedy was inaugurated on January 20, 1961. In his inaugural address he emphasized America's revolutionary heritage. 2"The same ... beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe," Kennedy said. 3"Let the word go forth from this time and place to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans-born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage-and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed and to which we are committed today at home and around the world." Kennedy challenged Americans to assume the burden of "defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger." The words of his address were, 4"Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country." Kennedy sought with considerable success to attract brilliant young people to government service. His hope was to bring new ideas and new methods into the executive branch. As a result many of his advisers were teachers and scholars. Among them were McGeorge Bundy and Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., both graduates of Harvard. Kennedy's most influential adviser was Theodore C. Sorenson, a member of Kennedy's staff since his days in the Senate. Sorenson wrote many of Kennedy's speeches and exerted a strong influence on Kennedy's development as a political liberal, 5 a person who believes that the government should directly help people to overcome poverty or social discrimination. The president and Mrs. Kennedy attempted to make the White House the cultural center of the nation. Writers, artists, poets, scientists, and musicians were frequent dinner guests. On one occasion the Kennedy's held a reception for all the American winners of the Nobel Prize, people who made outstanding contributions to their field during the past year. At the party the president suggested that more talent and genius was at the White House that night than there had been since Thomas Jefferson had last dined there alone. At a meeting with the leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Nikita Khrushchev, Kennedy asked the name of a medal Khrushchev was wearing. When the premier identified it as the Lenin Peace Medal, Kennedy remarked, 6"I hope you keep it." On another occasion he told a group of Republican business leaders, 7"It would be premature to ask for your support in

Free Essays on Glacial Erosion

Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e... Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e...

Modern Economical Landscape of Philippines Essay

Modern Economical Landscape of Philippines - Essay Example It is marred with corruption, political dynasties, red tape, and nepotism. Investors shy away from the country due to the difficulty of doing business there. As a result, the local economy suffered where unemployment is high subjecting many of its population to abject poverty. Also, many of its best brightest minds left the country to work and migrated overseas (Rappler.com). At present, this flaw in the political and economic infrastructure of the Philippines is not yet corrected as the remittances of its Overseas Foreign Workers are still the biggest contributor to its economy. The second issue why the economy of the Philippines is not strong is because it does not have its own industrial and technological backbone. Its economic base consists merely of business processing units and assembly plants which are primarily owned by the foreign enterprise. These enterprises can leave anytime exposing the vulnerability of the Philippine economy. My two recommendations for the Philippines for the Philippine economy to become prosperous 50 years from now are to reform its political system and build its own industrial and technological base. It can reform its political system by prosecuting corrupt officials and passing into laws that will democratize its political systems such as banning political dynasties and nepotism. Its recent prosecution of corrupt officials under the former President Macapagal Arroyo supports this recommendation as investor’s confidence increased. Investment flourished amid a global crisis. During the period 2011-13 when the global economy is slowing down, the Philippines registered a GNP of 7.2% which is considered as one of the highest in the world (NCSB).  

Practicum Objective Evaluation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Practicum Objective Evaluation Report - Essay Example The paper "Practicum Objective Evaluation Report" aims to learn the clinical role of a mastered prepared nurse in the obstetrics department of a Level 3 perinatal center. Hemorrhage in obstetrics is considered a high risk, low volume occurrence. Many people die from OB hemorrhage due to poor recognition of the risk and signs and symptoms. As it is it for a fact that hemorrhage remains a greatest cause of obstetric morbidity and mortality, 93% of the morbidity and mortality of OB hemorrhage are preventable. The major aim of this paper is to analyze my practicum objectives in an effort to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality caused by obstetric hemorrhage when I finally get into my nursing practice. The following three objectives came out so evident during my practicum: to acquire practical experience and expertise in the care of a patient experiencing a perinatal hemorrhage. To achieve this objective, I needed to conduct a literature review on the most recent evidences in the ca re of the OB patient experiencing a perinatal hemorrhage including research from IDPH. I had to follow a mastered prepared nurse in the level 3 perinatal center and review information’s on own OB hemorrhage case that had took place on the floor previously. I carried out an OB drill with the nurses on the floor to practically engage in this exercise so that I gain the experience that is highly important in my line of practice. To develop the skills required of an MSN nurse in simulation scenario creation and evaluation.

Measuring and Managing Absenteeism in the Workplace

Measuring and Managing Absenteeism in the Workplace Productivity loss due to absenteeism is a serious growing challenge. We live in an absenteeism culture. Talking a day off and calling in sick is supported and encouraged by the society. Many peoples attitude is The time is coming to us (Robert F.Allen and Michael Higgens- the Absenteeism Culture. Becoming attendance oriented.) Unscheduled absenteeism is on the rise and the rates of absenteeism are at their highest since 1999. The major concern is that almost two out of three employees who do not show up arent physically ill or have challenging issues. Absence measurement and management is an increasingly growing body of knowledge and experience that managers apply to control and reduce absenteeism and its accruing costs. To ensure that the issue of absenteeism is effectively addressed, managers and supervisors-armed with the required guidance and training, need to understand the circumstances and factors surrounding absenteeism in the workplace, and thus actively participate in the companys procedures and policies to effective curb absenteeism in the workplace. Employers attempt to cut down excessive employee absenteeism through tighter controls. They demand doctors report or use some other punitive mechanisms that targets symptoms of absenteeism rather than its causes. The problem will not go away unless the underlying root causes are removed. Building an attendance culture! How should absenteeism effectively be managed? Triggers or incentives? / Carrots or sticks? Introduction: Absenteeism from workplace has been on the increase and may be an indicative of poor morale, lack of motivation, sick building syndrome, poor organizational polities or mere indiscipline from the employees. However, many employers have introduced and implemented absence policies which make no distinction between absence for genuine reasons or illness and absence for inappropriate reasons. One of these policies is the calculation of the Bradford Factor, which only factors total number and frequency of individual absence into account, neglecting the kind of absence. 40 million days are lost each year in the UK, due to workplace absenteeism,93% of employees say cold and flu are the reason for being away from work, but research has shown that in reality, half of absenteeism in the workplace has nothing whatsoever to do with health. Workers decide to stay away from work for a host of other reasons relating to work and personal issues, which range from job de-motivation, low pay, lack of work life balance and occasional hangover. Absenteeism has been viewed traditionally as a breach of an implicit contract between employee and employer, as a management problem and has been framed in economic terms. This report will critically discuss the causes and effects of absenteeism in the workplace with the view to derive effective ways to measure and manage absenteeism. It will seek to understand absenteeism as an indicator of psychological, social adjustment to work. 1. What do we mean by Absenteeism? According to dictionary reference.com, Absenteeism can be defined as habitual failure to appear, especially for work and other regular duty. The rate occurrence of habitual absence from work or duty. Absenteeism can be viewed as re-occurring absence from work, duty and obligation, thought to reflect employee demoralization or dissatisfaction. This can also be viewed as a breach of the implicit contract that exists between the employer and the employed. Simply put, Failure to report to or stay at work when scheduled is tagged absenteeism. 1.1 Absenteeism can be grouped into two categories Involuntary/Innocent absenteeism: This is when absences are unavoidable and understandable. For instance Absences due to death in the family Pregnancy or Maternity issues Absences caused by illness or injury Car/ vehicle issues Other family related or personal issues Accidents and natural disasters Disability-related absenteeism- Human rights obligations Voluntary/Culpable Absenteeism: Voluntary absenteeism is an instance where an employee, out of his own freewill or laziness, chooses to stay off work. Absences in this case are avoidable. Missing work without advance notice, to go the cinema or watch football Making excuses for consistent late coming to work Deceitfully/fraudulently applying for sick leave or calling in sick Failure to report to work as scheduled or showing up late for no good reason 1.2 Causes of Absenteeism in the workplace There are various factors that could influence an employee to be absent at work. These factors are as follows Personal Factors: Personal Attitude: individuals posses different attitudes and bring these attitudes forth to the workplace. Employees with strong workplace ethics will respect their work and appreciate their contribution to the organisation and as such, will not take unscheduled off from the workplace. Conversely, employees with low or without work ethics are in- disciplined and have behavioural issues. Because they feel no obligation to the organisation, absenteeism comes easily to them. Age: The age of an employee often affects their attitude to work. The younger the employees are often restless, they want to have fun and be with friends rather than being tied down with responsibilities. This leads to lack of ownership and usually leads to unscheduled and unauthorised time off. Gender: Women are usually challenged with balancing their time between work and home. Their families are always the utmost priority, thus they would rather be absent from work to sort out family issues Workplace Factors: Organizational Culture: Every organisation is a culture with its own norms. An organisation with an embedded absenteeism culture, screen played by its management and supervisors lack of commitment would encourage further employee absenteeism Lack of Motivation and Rewards: The relationship between the organisation and its employees is influenced by what motives them to work and the rewards and fulfilment they derive from it. Inability of managers or employers to motivate employees and meet their extrinsic and intrinsic needs would lead to lack if motivation and commitment hence, absenteeism in the workplace Absence of learning culture: Learning means change, thus can affect organisations effectiveness. Employees love to work in an organisation where they would improve themselves and their career through organisational learning and knowledge management, which could be inculcated through coaching, mentoring, trainings and other explicit methods. In an organisation where a learning culture is absent, employees feel de-motivated, unsatisfied and feel their career growth is threatened. Hence they excuse themselves from work without authorisation in search for greater challenges and organisations where they would gain improve themselves. Stress at work: According to a report cited in Financial Times: Stress at work is the biggest problem in European companies Voluntary absenteeism takes place because employees are dissatisfied with their job; hence they feel stressed doing the work either because of the work load or unsuitable assigned roles. {Egs} wrongly assigning a customer service manager to manage treasury department, without adequate experience and training. Due to lack of adequate experience in the field and fixed timed deliverables and tasks, he feels stressed and harassed in the role and thus breaks down into stress or depression and seeks sick leave and abandons the job. Voluntary Absenteeism also takes place where the employees feel there is a strain on their psychological contract with the employer, this indirectly erupts lack of organizational commitment. This strain could develop to stress and impact on employee attendance to work. Leadership Style: An organizations, team or unit leadership style could impact on employee commitment, job satisfaction with improved or impaired participation and attendance to work. While Democratic and laissez fair leadership style encourages shared decision making, shared responsibility, creativity and participation and can be highly motivational, which enhances teamwork and interpersonal relations. Autocratic and paternalistic leadership styles could de-motivate and alienate employees. Employees might feel less important in the organisation, hence the need to avoid work. Work Routine and lack of Change: doing the same job or task over a long period of time can get monotonous. The employees get bored and thus might choose to take unauthorised time off to do something he considers interesting than going to work. Job Satisfaction: if employees do not find their work interesting, satisfying and challenging, they feel dissatisfied, which leads to increased absenteeism in the workplace Work life balance: Organisation who not factor employees roles and work life such that a balance is stroked with work and the individuals personal life commitments and family would experience increased employee absenteeism. Conflict in the workplace: ultimately increases chances of employee absenteeism. Lack of team spirit: A team that lacks unity, synergy and good interpersonal relationship amongst its members, will be a weak and unproductive. Such team members will lack team spirit-the spirit that bonds individuals in a team. This lack of team spirit can de-motivate team members, make them work in isolation, they would lack the sense of belonging, love and satisfaction. There would exist, fears of the unknown, lack of trust for team members. These feelings will encourage an employee to stay off work. Social Factors: factors such as difficult community circumstances like High crime and intimidation rates which constitutes fear in employees catalyses absenteeism in the workplace. Other social factors are Lack of transportation/transport facilities Poverty levels Malnutrition HIV/AIDS Labour Strikes 1.3 Effects of Absenteeism in the workplace When a company has an absentee problem, it has a profit problem. Absenteeism can take a deep financial toll on any business, whether a small or multinational company. There are also other significant effects associated with excessive absenteeism: Decreased Productivity: in a team of people doing interrelated tasks, if one persistent remains absent or fails to deliver, it creates a domino effect on productivity. It affects employee/team morale: this is due to the fact that additional stress are places on employees who act as replacements or assume additional tasks for absentees Absenteeism causes disruptions in the workplace and impacts on the SLAs It affects customer service levels, turnaround times, customer loyalty and satisfaction. It affect or disrupts effective team formation and operations It may create a perception of unfairness amongst employees It affects the bottom-line 2.0 Measuring Absenteeism 2.1 Why measure absenteeism? It is pertinent to measure the rate of absenteeism in the workplace. Measuring employees absenteeism is a good way to measure Overall Labour Effectiveness (OLE) in the workplace, which is a key performance indicator (KPI) that measures the utilization, performance and quality of the workforce and its impact on productivity. Monitoring staff absence rates helps to trace the pattern of employee attendance. To monitor and check dead times, in the workplace, to derive and measure resources and costs incurred due to employee absenteeism with the aim of devising effective methods to manage absenteeism in the workplace. In measuring absenteeism in the workplace, we derive the ratio of its administrative, financial and productivity cost to the organisation which will enable development of strategies to curb absenteeism while rechanneling resources more effectively to effect the bottom-line positively. Administrative costs of Absenteeism: Time consumed in controlling absenteeism Time consumed in sourcing replacements and re-assigning duties. Supervisors time Financial Costs: this are the costs accruing form Overtime costs Replacement employee costs Training costs Over staffing costs Productivity Costs: Replaced productivity and loss of output costs the costs of supporting replacement employees Costs accrued in training new or replacement staff/hiring temp staff Substandard production 2.2 Ways of Measuring Absenteeism The Total Tim lost: Number of person-days lost through job absence during period X 100 (Average number of employees) x (Number of Work days) This rate also can be based on number of hours instead of number of days. The individual frequency formula: This is calculated as thus : Individual frequency = (Num of Absent Employees/Average Number of Employees) x100 The Bradford Factor or Bradford Formula: According to the Chartered Institute of Personal and Development, the term was first coined due to its supposed connection with research undertaken by the Bradford University School of Management in the 1980s. It was developed as a way of highlighting the misappropriate level of disruption on an organisations performance that can be caused by short-term employee absence compared to incidences of prolonged absence. In contrast, it is considered short-sighted and unlikely to be successful which could lead to staff dissatisfaction and grievances. The Bradford factor can be calculated as follows: B= S2 x D where: B is the Bradford Factor score S is the total number of spells(instances) of absence of an individual over a set period D is the total number of days of absence of that individual over the same set period The set period is typically set as a rolling 52 week period. For example: 1 instance of absence with a duration of 15 days (1x 1 x 5)= 5 points 4 instances of absence; one of one, one of four and one of six days (4 x 4 x 5) =80 points 6 instances of absences ;each for two days (6 x 6 x 5) = 180 points However, the Bradford factor has been critiqued for its limited and short-sightedness in effectively measuring absenteeism, this is because it only factors total number and frequency of individual absence into account, neglecting the kind of absence. Again, the Bradford factor is a generic process and would be inappropriate to implement on disabled employees this is because certain disabilities require higher days of absence. Employers are bound by law e.g. The British Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and 2005 (DDA) to tailor their actions to the individual circumstances of disabled employees and failure to provide these reasonable adjustments by employers may lead to civil actions or breach of DDA in employment tribunal 3.0 Managing absenteeism: Absenteeism: A cultural problem Every organisation is a culture, with its own norms that constitute the expected, supported and accepted ways of behaving. These norms are most times unwritten and advice people on the code of conduct. The existing culture and norms influences everyones perception of the business, from the CEO to the newly hired employee. Managements behaviour has a special impact on organisational behaviour as relates to absenteeism, this is because of its modelling influence. Investigations have shown that absenteeism was/is directly traceable to the group norms established by leadership, the work environment and group expectations. Each group had similar illness records, it was the norms that dictated, and almost predictably, whether people showed up for work. Absenteeism is often symptoms of larger organisational problems and can be managed as thus: Leadership modelling and commitment: Managerial commitments and participatory culture have an important impact on attendance. E.g. in a retail company, a manager who demonstrated little commitment to attendance practices recorded one of the highest absenteeism rates in his organisation. Work motivation and rewards: Motivation in the work place is the driving force to achieve employee job satisfaction and commitment. This motivation could be Extrinsic or Intrinsic. Extrinsic motivation relates to the tangible rewards e.g. Salary, security, promotion and conditions of work. While, Intrinsic motivation relates to the psychological rewards which includes; a sense of challenge and achievement, participation and appreciation from the employer. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs; the expectancies of an employee from the employer are captured as thus- Motivated employees overcome obstacles to make it to work. The key to reducing employee absenteeism is to create a culture where employees want to come to work. Effective Groups and Team Building: groups and teams are essential features of the work pattern of organisations. These include formal and informal groups, project and virtual teams. Effective group and team building encourages inter personal relationships, fulfils the individuals psychological need of love and belonging, encourages organisational learning and communication while reducing conflicts in the organisation. This ultimately gives employees, sense of belonging and contribution, job satisfaction and an increased love for the job which will be evidenced in attendance rate. Recruitment and selection: Employers should recruit employees with good attendance records. This information should be included in references. Employee orientation and training: Attendance norms should be established the first day on the job. These norms are inculcated at inductions and orientation sessions. Performance Appraisal: this can boost employee attendance rates. Management should attach attendance rates to performance appraisals, if employees are aware that attendance would be a part of their appraisal, they would minimise unnecessary absence from work. Conclusion: Organisational culture is a key factor that affects the norms and modus operandi of an organisation. Thus the leaders and manager have a great job of making effective decisions and inculcation the required culture through policies and examples. Creating an attendance-oriented culture requires a complete corporate commitment to encourage attendance rather than manage absenteeism. This would be a significant shift because an absenteeism culture not only cost millions of pounds, but also impedes the development of human resources, reduces organisations competitive advantage and affects the bottom-line My case study illustrating the causes, effects and how to manage absenteeism is evidenced in my reflective writing. Reflective Writing: I would always wish I would not have to return to work the following day, I would call-in sick at the slightest headache. I disliked the new branch I was posted to be a team leader. Not having prior information or notice of my sudden inter-state transfer until a mail dropped in my mailbox, a Monday morning I just resumed from vacation, gave me the shock. I was to resume in the new branch with immediate effect. There was no communication whatever from my team leader that arrangement has been made for me to move to another state where i would lead the funds transfer team. This is a clear indication of communication gap and ineffective boss and subordinate relationship, where the team leader feels less need to have inter-personal relationship with team members. Her autocratic system of leadership in the workplace does not encourage participation, shared learning, sense of belonging and team spirit, which are among an employees intrinsic expectancies from the organisation/workplace This autocratic, non-participatory system of leadership and lack of effective communication and team spirit became a culture instilled by the branch leader. This holistically affected all team members. Demonization, fear, lack of commitment, ineffective communication that often caused conflicts, and absenteeism creped in. The feeling of betrayal, neglect and less regard filled my heart as i journeyed down the new branch. I lost motivation and commitment in the job. I lost the feeling of being part of the organisation. This was reflected in my re-occurring absenteeism and inability to deliver on deadlines The sudden relocation was pressuring and put me under stress. This further increased my absenteeism rate from work till the point I tendered my resignation. This situation highlights the importance and implication of the supervisory and managers roles in the work place as regards motivation, team building, eradicating conflicts and commitment. However, I feel sober, writing this coursework having realised through my research and the module learning, the cost and other implications of employee absenteeism in organisations. This also reflects why my recommendations for an effective management of employee absenteeism points to organisational culture, effective team and group building which encourages team participation and motivation, and leadership styles and modelling. A motivational team leader or mentor would encourage effective communication, build effective teams, build a culture of attendance and commitment through a democratic or participatory system of leadership where everyone contributes and feels the sense of responsibly and love. As a manager, having participated in this course module, I understand and appreciate my roles more. I have gained more insights on to build effective teams; manage conflicts, leadership by example and ultimately, how to manage individual differences and diversity in the workplace. Getting back into work, I would be a good leader, and inspire brilliance.